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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Dominic J. Raso
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 17 | Number 3 | November 1963 | Pages 411-418
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE63-A17390
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Abstract-Monte Carlo calculations were performed to determine the backscattering from and transmission through concrete of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 10.0 Mev gamma rays. The radiation was assumed to be incident on a semi-infinite medium and on slab thicknesses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mfp at angles of cos00 = 1.0, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, and 0.10. The case histories of 5000 photons were followed on the IBM 704 digital computer for each of the 175 geometries (874,000 histories). The information obtained included: (1) The characteristics of emergent photons, which were stored on magnetic tape; (2) a routine that processes these characteristics to give polar and azimuthal angular dose distribution; and (3) detailed results from the application of the processing routine to the parameters investigated. The computer program, the processing routine, and the detailed results are given in ref. 1.