ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 15–18, 2026
Phoenix, AZ|Arizona Grand Resort & Spa
Latest Magazine Issues
Sep 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
October 2026
Nuclear Technology
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Westinghouse, Nordion, and PSEG team up to produce Co‑60 in the United States
This past January, Westinghouse Electric Company, Nordion, and PSEG Nuclear formalized agreements to implement newly developed cobalt-60 production technology at Units 1 and 2 of PSEG’s Salem nuclear power plant in New Jersey, with the Co-60 to be supplied to Nordion. Through an ongoing joint initiative, the companies aim to harness U.S. pressurized water reactors to produce a key medical isotope and build the first commercial-scale Co-60 production platform in the United States.
Dominic J. Raso
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 17 | Number 3 | November 1963 | Pages 411-418
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE63-A17390
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Abstract-Monte Carlo calculations were performed to determine the backscattering from and transmission through concrete of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 10.0 Mev gamma rays. The radiation was assumed to be incident on a semi-infinite medium and on slab thicknesses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mfp at angles of cos00 = 1.0, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, and 0.10. The case histories of 5000 photons were followed on the IBM 704 digital computer for each of the 175 geometries (874,000 histories). The information obtained included: (1) The characteristics of emergent photons, which were stored on magnetic tape; (2) a routine that processes these characteristics to give polar and azimuthal angular dose distribution; and (3) detailed results from the application of the processing routine to the parameters investigated. The computer program, the processing routine, and the detailed results are given in ref. 1.