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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
T. J. Downar, J. A. Stillman
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 94 | Number 3 | November 1986 | Pages 241-250
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE86-A17267
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A model is developed to generate homogenized, two-group cross-section data for pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel assemblies loaded with burnable absorbers by explicitly incorporating the effects of the neutron poison into the unpoisoned group constants. This provides the calculational freedom to use the assembly burnable absorber loading as an independent variable in dynamic search methods for optimizing low-leakage PWR core reloads. To achieve an accuracy of better than 0.2% in the assembly k∞, separate consideration is given to the absorption and scattering perturbations, as well as to the spectrum-hardening effects caused by the presence of burnable absorbers in the assembly. The model was validated first by comparison of unit assembly cross sections to data from reference calculations and then by use of the model in the Electric Power Research Institute nodal code SIMULATE-E and comparison to reference core power distributions.