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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Y. S. Horowitz, M. Moscovitch, J. M. Mack, H. Hsu, E. Kearsley
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 94 | Number 3 | November 1986 | Pages 233-240
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE86-A17266
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Electron Monte Carlo calculations using CYLTRAN and a new PHSECE (Photon-Produced Secondary Electrons) technique were carried out to estimate electron fluences and energy deposition profiles near LiF/Al and LiF/Pb material interfaces undergoing 60Co gamma irradiation. Several interesting and new features emerge: (a) although the buildup of the secondary electron fluences at the interfaces of the irradiated media is approximately exponential, the value of the electron mass fluence buildup coefficient, γ, is not equal to the electron mass fluence attenuation coefficient, β;(b) the β value of the attenuation of the gamma generated electron fluences at the cavity/medium interfaces is strongly dependent on the Z of the adjacent material; and (c) for LiF/Pb there is a significant “intrusion” energy deposition mode arising from sidescattering in the wall material (lead). These new features of interface dosimetry (at least items a and b) are incorporated into the photon general cavity expressions of Burlin (as modified by Horowitz, Dubi, and Moscovitch) and Kearsley and compared with experimental data.