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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Y. Harima, Y. Sakamoto, S. Tanaka, M. Kawai
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 94 | Number 1 | September 1986 | Pages 24-35
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE86-A17113
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A geometric-progression (G-P) method formula, Br = 1 + (B − 1) · (Kx − 1)/(K − 1), accurately represents the buildup factor data as a function of distance for the following reasons: 1. The value of parameter B corresponds to that of the buildup factor at 1 mfp, which is the integration of a basic spectrum for a specified material and for a specified source energy. 2. The variation of parameter K with penetration represents the photon dose multiplication and the change in the shape of the spectrum. Exposure buildup factors for point isotropic sources in an infinite medium approximated by the G-P fitting parameters are in good agreement with the basic data calculated by the PALLAS code, including that of boron for low energies, and of lead, including the effects of bremsstrahlung and fluorescence. The validity of using the G-P parameters to interpolate the buildup factor in μr and in E is ascertained. Furthermore, the extrapolation to the buildup data for depths above 40 mfp is examined.