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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Alireza Sedaghat, Robert Macduff, Frank Castellana
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 96 | Number 3 | July 1987 | Pages 253-259
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE87-A16386
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The effect of a mixing vane was studied in a three-subchannel geometry for a 3.99-mm (0.157-in.) gap space, and for mass velocities of 339.0, 678.1, and 1356.2 kg/s⋅m2 (0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 Mlb/h⋅ft2, respectively). Mixing rates increased rapidly downstream of the vane and then decreased gradually as a function of downstream distance. The maximum increase in turbulent cross-flow for a mass velocity of 339.0 kg/s⋅m2 occurred ∼10 hydraulic diameters from the end of the mixing vane and was 150% greater than the value observed at comparable conditions for the same test section without a mixing vane. The average increase in mixing due to the presence of the vane was ∼58%.