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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
R. Wayne Houston
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 4 | Number 2 | August 1958 | Pages 227-238
doi.org/10.13182/NSE58-A15364
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
For samples exposed in high neutron flux regions of reactors the contribution to the total dosage due to the recoils from elastically scattered fast neutrons may be significant. The calculation of this contribution is considered here. Three methods are presented, each differing in the manner in which the details of the energy distribution of fast neutrons are treated. In the first, the neutron flux per unit energy interval is assumed to be of the asymptotic or 1/E form up to fission energies. In the second and third, a separate computation is made for the uncollided neutrons reaching the sample. The remaining contribution due to once-scattered neutrons is treated as in the first method, but alternate forms for the source spectrum of once-scattered neutrons are considered. Use of the equations requires only a knowledge of the thermal neutron flux in the vicinity of the sample. Assumptions and limitations are discussed. Numerical results are presented for comparison of the effects in light water, heavy water, and graphite moderated reactors in the irradiation of a hydrocarbon (cyclohexane) sample.