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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
P. I. Johansson, B. Holmqvist
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 62 | Number 4 | April 1977 | Pages 695-708
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE77-A15210
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The prompt fission neutron spectrum emitted by a sample of 235U irradiated with 0.53-MeV neutrons has been measured in the 0.6- to 15-MeV energy range by using time-of-flight (TOF) techniques. In the present work, a major effort was made to obtain an accurate experimental determination of the energy response and efficiency function of the neutron detector over the entire neutron energy range of interest. For this purpose, the TOF spectrometer was calibrated with respect to energy in the 0.5- to 21-MeV range by observing neutron groups from various nuclear reactions. The energy dependence of the neutron detector efficiency was determined by observing the angular distributions of the H(n,n)H process in the 1- to 15-MeV energy range. The overlapping 0.6- to 3-MeV energy range was covered by the T(p,n)3He reaction. The result of the fission neutron spectrum measurements has been used to find a suitable distribution function describing the data in the entire energy interval. The best description was obtained with the distribution N1(E) exp(–1.02E)sinh(2.32E)1/2.
