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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Albert E. Evans, M. S. Krick
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 62 | Number 4 | April 1977 | Pages 652-659
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE77-A15208
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A 3He neutron spectrometer has been used to measure the energy spectra of delayed neutrons in equilibrium with fission induced by sub-MeV neutrons incident upon 235U, 238U, and 239Pu. Full contribution of shorter lived delayed neutron groups not previously measured was ensured by bombarding samples for 35 out of every 100 ms and measuring delayed neutrons for 40 ms between each bombarding pulse. Results show delayed neutron spectra of somewhat higher average energy than have previously been reported. Examination of the energy end points of delayed neutron emitters as a function of precursor half-life shows that the higher average delayed neutron energies are probably due to the inclusion of neutrons from the shorter lived precursors.