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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Bruno Merk, Sören Kliem, Emil Fridman, Frank-Peter Weiss
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 171 | Number 2 | June 2012 | Pages 136-149
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE10-58
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This work shows the effect of the use of moderating layers on the sodium void effect in sodium-cooled, mixed oxide-fueled fast breeder reactors. The moderating layers consist of either zirconium boride ZrB2 or zirconium hydride ZrH2. The two investigated ZrH2 layers (0.1 and 0.2 mm thick) cause a strong reduction of the sodium void effect. Additionally, these layers significantly improve the fuel temperature effect and the coolant effect of the system. All changes caused by the insertion of the ZrH2 layers result in a significantly increased stability of the fast reactor system against transients. The moderating layers have only a small influence on the breeding effect and on the production of minor actinides. The effect in the infinite system can be fully combined with the traditional methods of increasing the neutron leakage.