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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Ely M. Gelbard, Albert G. Gu
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 117 | Number 1 | May 1994 | Pages 1-9
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE94-A13564
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The derivation of the standard expression for the Monte Carlo eigenvalue bias is reviewed. It is noted that the bias is due to the repeated normalization of the fission source by the eigenvalue. This normalization can be partially or completely eliminated, but when this is done, the variance in the eigenvalue may increase unacceptably. Thus, it seems impractical, in general, to eliminate the bias in this way. Next, the Brissenden-Garlick relation between eigenvalue bias and variance is rederived for nonanalog tracking and estimation. From this relation, it is shown that the eigenvalue bias under “normal conditions is smaller than the eigenvalue’s standard deviation. In this sense, the bias is not significant, so that it is not crucially important to eliminate or to estimate it.