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Fusion Science and Technology
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Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
V. Mertens, C. Aubanel, O. Gruber, M. Kaufmann, G. Neu, G. Raupp, H. Richter, W. Treutterer, D. Zasche, Th. Zehetbauer, ASDEX Upgrade Team, NBI Team, ICRH Team
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 32 | Number 3 | November 1997 | Pages 459-467
Technical Paper | Plasma Control Issues for Tokamaks | doi.org/10.13182/FST97-A8
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) must run near operational limits to produce high-performance plasmas that, beyond position and shape control, rely on optimized control of additional plasma parameters. Control of single parameters, such as beta, plasma stored energy, or ion cyclotron resonance heating antenna coupling, has already been reported. Further performance improvements can be achieved by coordinated control of combinations of parameters. These may be specific to the different phases of a discharge, e.g., for radiative boundary concepts. A growing understanding of discharge behavior will lead to the identification of better control scenarios involving both new parameters and control methods. This requires a universal platform into which control algorithms can flexibly be integrated to adapt to interesting discharge scenarios. With the multitude of processes expected to be implemented, management of real-time processes becomes crucial. This paper explains how this issue is raised by the requirement specification of the controller and how it influences design, implementation, and operation of the plasma performance controller. Examples such as the achievement of completely detached H-mode plasmas demonstrate the working method and its effectiveness.