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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
F. Sandras, C. Hermerel, A. Choux, P. Mérillot, G. Pin, L. Jeannot
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 55 | Number 4 | May 2009 | Pages 389-398
Technical Paper | Eighteenth Target Fabrication Specialists' Meeting | doi.org/10.13182/FST09-A7416
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
To characterize the shape, the quality, and the roughness of microshells, typically used technologies are scanning electron microscopy, scanning interferometric microscopy, or atomic force microscopy. One of the drawbacks of these techniques is that they are generally slow because of their scanning process. Digital holographic microscopy technology is an innovation that can offer ability adapted to these studies. It captures holograms instead of intensity images, as done by conventional microscopes. The holograms are then digitally interpreted (10 per second) to reconstruct a double image, one for the intensity and another one for the phase. Using a rotation axis, the bump counting for the complete microshell surface is possible with a very high speed. Using an image stitching software, mapping can be done in a few minutes. Wavelets such as "Mexican hat" are used to model the bumps. Each bump can then be characterized on the map by its position, diameter, and height.