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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Zap Energy hits 37-million-degree electron temperatures in compact fusion device
Zap Energy announced April 23 that it has reached 1-3 keV plasma electron temperatures—roughly the equivalent of 11 to 37 million degrees Celsius—using its sheared-flow-stabilized Z-pinch approach to fusion. Reaching temperatures above that of the sun’s core (which is 10 million degrees Celsius temperature) is just one hurdle required before any fusion confinement concept can realistically pursue net gain and fusion energy.
J. R. Fong, S. A. Eddinger, H. Huang, K. A. Moreno
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 55 | Number 4 | May 2009 | Pages 367-372
Technical Paper | Eighteenth Target Fabrication Specialists' Meeting | doi.org/10.13182/FST55-367
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An instrumentation of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was developed to measure the areal density of any element with an atomic number Z > 17. In contrast to X-ray fluorescence, which is affected by spatial dopant nonuniformity, an element can be accurately measured by XAS regardless of its own distribution or the presence of other elements in a sample. Furthermore, no reference standard is needed to achieve ±3% 1 accuracy. This method has been used to measure the average contents of specific elements in a variety of inertial confinement fusion and high energy density targets. It validates the average dopant concentration measured by contact radiography and differential radiography.