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Commercial nuclear innovation "new space" age
In early 2006, a start-up company launched a small rocket from a tiny island in the Pacific. It exploded, showering the island with debris. A year later, a second launch attempt sent a rocket to space but failed to make orbit, burning up in the atmosphere. Another year brought a third attempt—and a third failure. The following month, in September 2008, the company used the last of its funds to launch a fourth rocket. It reached orbit, making history as the first privately funded liquid-fueled rocket to do so.
A. Kirschner, V. Philipps, M. Rubel, Ph. Mertens, TEXTOR Team
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 47 | Number 2 | February 2005 | Pages 146-160
Technical Paper | TEXTOR: Plasma-Wall Interactions | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A696
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper gives an overview of the research activities at TEXTOR on impurity production, impurity transport through the plasma, and then deposition. First, laboratory experiments on chemical erosion by hydrogen and oxygen and radiation-enhanced sublimation are described, followed by the main part, which concentrates on the TEXTOR data of impurity release, impurity transport, and redeposition. The differences between the behavior of high-Z and low-Z materials are discussed. Many of the TEXTOR experiments are carried out using special limiter locks, but the overall carbon balance of net erosion sources and net deposition zones are also shown. Finally, modeling of erosion and dedicated transport experiments are addressed.