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Fusion Science and Technology
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Getting back to yes: A local perspective on decommissioning, restart, and responsibility
For 45 years, Duane Arnold Energy Center operated in Linn County, Ia., near the town of Palo and just northwest of Cedar Rapids. The facility, owned by NextEra Energy, was the only nuclear power plant in the state.
In August 2020, a historic derecho swept across eastern Iowa with winds approaching 140 miles per hour. Damage to the plant’s cooling towers accelerated a shutdown that had already been planned, and the facility entered decommissioning soon after, with its fuel removed in October of that year. Iowa’s only nuclear plant had gone off line.
Today the national energy landscape looks very different than it did just six short years ago. Electricity demand is rising rapidly as data centers, artificial intelligence infrastructure, advanced manufacturing, and electrification expand across the country. Reliable, carbon-free baseload power has become increasingly valuable. In that context, Linn County has approved the rezoning necessary to support the recommissioning and restart of Duane Arnold and is actively supporting NextEra’s efforts to secure the remaining state and federal approvals.
Andrew M. Irvin, Ehab Hassan, Sebastian de Pascuale, Mark Cianciosa, Rhea L. Barnett, Livia Casali
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 82 | Number 1 | January-February 2026 | Pages 64-78
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2025.2476829
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The complex and iterative nature of plasma scenario optimization in fusion devices necessitates the use of reduced models in early stages of the design process to filter through a large parameter space in an efficient manner. Ray-tracing codes, such as TORAY, offer considerable advantages in run time for electron cyclotron (EC) heating and current drive (H/CD) cases over full-wave codes while maintaining a high degree of fidelity. We deploy the Fusion Reactor Design and Assessment (FREDA)–TokDesigner workflow to enable training of a surrogate model for EC H/CD radial profiles based on the TORAY ray-tracing code, coupled to the Integrated Plasma Simulator (IPS)–FASTRAN framework. The surrogate model is trained to predict key H/CD profile characteristics for EC cases based on a subset of plasma and EC launcher parameters for a Compact Advanced Tokamak (CAT) design point. The CAT was selected as a baseline to assess the performance of the surrogate model trained in the fusion pilot plant regime. The surrogate model is able to accomplish this an order of magnitude faster than TORAY coupled to IPS-FASTRAN while still maintaining a high level of accuracy. The surrogate model demonstrates invertibility, being able to solve the inverse problem to generate an accurate parameter space for a set of desired H/CD profile characteristics.