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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
Rami Ahmad El-Nabulsi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 81 | Number 8 | November 2025 | Pages 916-977
Regular Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2025.2502288
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The emergence of magnetic chaotic lines and layers in tokamaks represents an important field of research in nuclear fusion. Their analysis is based in general on the notion of maps and mappings, which are practical in analyzing the correlation between stable and unstable manifolds and the chaotic layers. Various maps representing the Poincaré section of a continuous magnetic field line system have been introduced in the literature, yet the most renewed one is the tokamap introduced by Balescu et al. [Phys. Rev. Vol. E58, p. 951 (1998)]. However, this tokamap requires additional constraints to make it symplectic.
To remedy this problem, a new technique based on the Hamilton-Jacobi method has been recently introduced. However, several constraints must be imposed as well in the mapping model. In the present study, we analyze this problem based on the notion of nonstandard Hamiltonians, which have proved their relevance in the theory of differential equations and complex systems. Nonstandard tokamaps have been introduced where their Poincaré sections, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents have been obtained and discussed. We observed the emergence of thin area-filling sections dominated by chaotic magnetic field lines with symmetric and nonsymmetric structures near the island separatrix. Small islands emerge, proving the emergence of large chaotic regions.