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Fusion Science and Technology
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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
Yusha Li, Qing Liu, Zongxing Gu, Xiaoxu Dong, Zeyu Gao, Yingchun Zhang
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 81 | Number 7 | October 2025 | Pages 691-701
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2025.2493408
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Tungsten (W) coatings on a Cu-Cr-Zr alloy surface were obtained by pulsed current electrodeposition from Na2WO4-WO3-NaCl molten salt at different temperatures and current densities in an air atmosphere. The microstructure of the coating was observed, and the coating density, porosity, and hardness were tested. The results revealed W coatings with a silver-white metallic luster electrodeposited on the surfaces of a Cu-Cr-Zr alloy substrate when the temperature decreased from 1173 to 1023 K. The grain size and thickness of the W coatings changed significantly with current density, but the density, porosity, and hardness of the coating were slightly influenced by current density. The addition of NaCl refined the size of the tungsten grains in the W coatings. Among them, the W coating sample electrodeposited under 1123 K and 30 mA/cm2 current density had the best performance, with a relative density of 96.95%, a porosity of 1.11%, and a hardness of 502.4 HV.
