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Fusion Science and Technology
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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
Vasily K. Gusev, Nikolai V. Sakharov, Vitaly V. Shpeizman, Vladimir A. Korotkov, Anatoly G. Panin, Vladimir F. Soikin, Seppo O. J. Kivivuori, Asko J. Helenius, Jukka V. A. Somerkoski, Jukka A. Heikkinen
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 34 | Number 2 | September 1998 | Pages 137-146
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST98-A59
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The central solenoid is a critical component of the spherical tokamak Globus-M (plasma major radius R = 0.36 m, plasma minor radius a = 0.24 m, aspect ratio R/a = 1.5, toroidal magnetic field BT 0.62 T, plasma current Ip 0.5 MA). The two-layer solenoid, 1312 mm long with a 200-mm outer diameter, is located between the 112-mm-diam inner rod of the toroidal field coils and the 217-mm-diam inner cylinder of the vacuum vessel. Strong magnetic and thermal cyclic loads acting on the solenoid require that it be manufactured from a high-strength hollow conductor. The conductor material selected for the solenoid winding is CuAg0,1(OF). Advanced manufacturing technology has made it possible to increase the continuous length of conductor (with an ~20 × 20 mm2 cross section) up to the 66 m that is required for Globus-M. To verify the winding procedure, a one-sixth-length solenoid prototype has been constructed and tested with loads exceeding the design loads acting on the full-scale solenoid. The tests included magnetic and strain measurements. The results are in satisfactory agreement with structural analysis.