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Fusion Science and Technology
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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
Yu. P. Martseniuk, Yu. V. Kovtun, V. E. Moiseenko, A. V. Lozin, A. N. Shapoval, O. V. Yevsiukov, V. B. Korovin, E. D. Kramskoy, M. M. Kozulya, D. I. Baron
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 81 | Number 6 | August 2025 | Pages 530-541
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2025.2478541
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
For the stellarator Uragan-2M, a glow discharge system for wall conditioning was developed and installed. The experiments were conducted in the range of discharge currents from 0.025 to 1 A and argon working gas pressures from 0.27 to 13.1 Pa. It is found that the measured current-voltage characteristics are similar to the discharge with a hollow cathode. In the optical spectrum of the glow discharge plasma, Ar lines of the excited atoms Ar I (Ar*) and ions Ar II (Ar+*) of the main argon gas, as well as the lines of excited hydrogen atoms H I (H*), are observed. The appearance of hydrogen is associated with the desorption of hydrogen from stainless steel because of the interaction of argon with the surface of the vacuum chamber (cathode). The radial profile of plasma density and electron temperature was measured using a movable triple probe. The maximum plasma density was 7.6 × 1014 m−3, and the plasma temperature was 4.6 eV.