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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
Charles W. Hartman, John Thomas
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 81 | Number 5 | July 2025 | Pages 495-504
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2024.2425585
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A conceptual framework, supported and illustrated by computational modeling, is reported for a high-current snowplow discharge mode in coaxial electrodes consisting of a conical inductive storage section and a center conductor extension tapered in radius with a sigmoid curve from a 4-cm-radius to a 3-mm-radius stem. The inductive storage section can be loaded with Bθ flux by a relatively low-power snowplow discharge. In the sigmoid-tapered extension, the flux is shown to flow along the taper, increasing both field strength and flow velocity as it accelerates to a smaller radius, resulting in a petawatt flow of Bθ flux along the 3-mm-radius center conductor stem at 40 MA and 200 cm/µs.
Next, we present calculations of pinching a 0.8-cm-long pure deuterium-tritium (DT) target located as if in the stem. The pinch, formed when the petawatt flow passes over the target, was calculated to produce over half a gigajoule of DT fusion yield. Additionally, a half-scale 20-MA calculation was performed, and an approximate yield scaling formula was found with a dependence on the drive current to the fourth power.