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Fusion Science and Technology
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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Shen Gao, Jin-Ke Zhang, Xin-Ting Tang, Kang Chen
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 80 | Number 8 | November 2024 | Pages 1045-1054
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2294397
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This article establishes a physical model of the interaction between a surface electron beam and the plasma with a transverse magnetic field. The dispersion relation of the beam-plasma interaction is derived by using the field matching method. The effects of magnetic field, electron beam electron density, and plasma density on the radiation frequency and z-direction wave vector are studied. The results indicate that the stronger the transverse magnetic field is, the higher is the cutoff frequency of plasma radiation. The higher the plasma density or electron beam electron density is, the higher are the corresponding radiation frequency and radiation wave number.