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Fusion Science and Technology
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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
Gopi Krishna C, M. J. Quamar, N. Kishore Babu, Sarath Kumar G V, Bharath Bandi, M. K. Talari
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 80 | Number 2 | February 2024 | Pages 215-229
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2219830
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This study investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of DP780 steel that has been tungsten inert gas welded and post weld heat treated. Microscopy studies revealed that the weldment’s microstructure varied from martensite in the fusion zone to a mixture of martensite and ferrite in the heat affected zone (HAZ). This heterogeneity in the microstructure resulted in the formation of hardened and softened zones in the cross section of the weldment. The DP780 as-welded joint exhibited lower strength and ductility [yield strength (YS): 492 ± 5 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS): 668 ± 8 MPa, and percent elongation (%El): 8 ± 1] compared to the base metal (BM) (YS: 538 ± 2 MPa, UTS: 794 ± 5 MPa, and %El: 27 ± 2) due to strain localization in the subcritical HAZ. The weldments subjected to post weld heat treatment (PWHT) at 500°C exhibited lower strength and higher ductility (YS: 471 ± 3 MPa, UTS: 624 ± 5 MPa, and %El: 13 ± 1) than the weldments subjected to PWHT at other conditions: 300°C (YS: 501 ± 7MPa, UTS: 658 ± 6 MPa, and %El: 9 ± 1) and 400°C (YS: 492 ± 3 MPa, UTS: 649 ± 5 MPa, and %El: 11 ± 1). The decrease in strength and ductility after PWHT can be attributed to the tempering of martensite present in the weldment. Erichsen cupping tests indicated a reduction in the formability of the as-welded joint due to the presence of a softened zone. While a significant increase in formability is observed in the weldments subjected to PWHT with an increase in temperature, the formability is still inferior to that of the BM due to the inhomogeneity in the microstructures across the weldment.