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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
Hiroshige Kumamaru
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 77 | Number 3 | April 2021 | Pages 235-249
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2021.1874767
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Numerical calculations have been performed on liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamic flows through a rectangular channel in the magnetic field inlet region and magnetic field outlet region. The conservation equations of fluid mass and fluid momentum and the Poisson equation for electrical potential have been solved numerically. The numerical calculations have been carried out for Hartmann (Ha) numbers up to the order of 10 000 and a rectangular channel with electrically conducting channel walls. Attention is focused on pressure drops along the flow channel in the magnetic field inlet region and outlet region. The loss coefficients ζ can be represented by for both the magnetic field inlet region and outlet region, where k is a coefficient, and Ha, Re, and β are the Hartmann number, the Reynolds number, and the channel aspect ratio, respectively. The coefficient k depends on the gradient of applied magnetic field in the magnetic field inlet region and outlet region. However, the coefficient k does not change with the Ha number, the Re number, the wall conductivity number, and the aspect ratio very much.
