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Fusion Science and Technology
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A year in orbit: ISS deployment tests radiation detectors for future space missions
The predawn darkness on a cool Florida night was shattered by the ignition of nine Merlin engines on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. The thrust of the engines shook the ground miles away. From a distance, the rocket appeared to slowly rise above the horizon. For the cargo onboard, the launch was anything but gentle, as the ignition of liquid oxygen generated more than 1.5 million pounds of force. After the rocket had been out of sight for several minutes, the booster dramatically returned to Earth with several sonic booms in a captivating show of engineering designed to make space travel less expensive and more sustainable.
P. T. Lang, B. Ploeckl, M. Bernert, A. Bock, R. Dux, A. Kallenbach, V. Rohde, M. Siccinio, W. Suttrop, A. Zito, and the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 77 | Number 1 | January 2021 | Pages 42-50
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2020.1842713
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Xenon is a potential candidate as a pedestal and edge radiator in DEMO, but it is considered troublesome in cases where larger amounts have to be handled in the fuel cycle. Hence, direct and efficient codeposition inside the confined plasma with the fuel injected by means of solid cryogenic pellets is regarded as more favorable than simple gas puffing. At ASDEX Upgrade, investigations are underway to develop a versatile reactor-relevant pellet actuator. Equipped with an accordingly set up pellet launching system and well diagnosed, this all-metal-wall tokamak is well suited for this task. Here, we report on efforts to produce and inject pellets made from deuterium with a reasonable amount of admixed xenon. Results indicate xenon supply via carrier fueling pellets is possible while showing advanced performance. Compared to xenon gas puffing where long latency is observed, presumably due to wall sticking, doped pellets provide much shorter response times. Hence, this first exploration suggests fueling pellets with admixed auxiliary gases can be a versatile, efficient, and fast actuator for additional control features such as, e.g., radiative plasma cooling.