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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
I. N. Sviatoslavsky, E. A. Mogahed, P. L. Cousseau, R. L. Engelstad, H. Y. Khater, G. L. Kulcinski, J. J. MacFarlane, R. R. Peterson, M. E. Sawan, P. Wang
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 30 | Number 3 | December 1996 | Pages 1299-1303
Power Plant Design and Technology | doi.org/10.13182/FST96-A11963127
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
LIBRA-SP is a 1000 MWe light ion beam driven inertial confinement fusion power reactor design study which utilizes a self-pinched mode for propagating ions to the target. It is driven by 7.2 MJ of 30 MeV Li ions of which 1.2 MJ is in prepulse and 6 MJ in the main pulse. There are 24 ion beams in a three tier geometry of 8 beams each. The chamber is an upright cylinder with a LiPb pool in the bottom and a flared extended roof. The blanket zone consists of solid ferritic steel tubes at a 50% packing fraction containing LiPb breeding material. The LiPb empties into the bottom pool and then flows through heat exchangers in the base of the reactor. The two front rows of tubes are called PERIT units (PErforated RIgid Tubes) and are at a distance of 4 m from the target. The front row has nozzles on its sides which spray vertical fans of liquid completely shadowing the tubes with a thin layer of liquid lithium lead and protecting them from x-rays and target debris. The deposition of the x-rays and debris ions in the liquid layer causes an explosive expansion which blows a small amount of vapor into the middle of the chamber, drives a shock through the liquid spray, and accelerates the bulk of the spray toward the PERITS. A computer code BUCKY1 is used to study these phenomena. The PERIT units, which are divided into upper and lower halves, each 5.3 m long, receive a 71 Pa-s impulse at 3.9 Hz rep-rate, have a maximum displacement of 0.8 cm and reach a maximum bending stress of 13 MPa. Beam tubes which guide the beams in the self-pinched mode are curved to avoid neutron streaming to the diodes and to avoid making contact with the PERIT units. A method for supporting these beam tubes and remotely aligning them on target will be discussed.