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60 Years of U: Perspectives on resources, demand, and the evolving role of nuclear energy
Recent years have seen growing global interest in nuclear energy and rising confidence in the sector. For the first time since the early 2000s, there is renewed optimism about the industry’s future. This change is driven by several major factors: geopolitical developments that highlight the need for secure energy supplies, a stronger focus on resilient energy systems, national commitments to decarbonization, and rising demand for clean and reliable electricity.
A.V. Arzhannikov, V.T. Astrelin, A.V. Burdakov, I.A. Ivanov, V.S. Koidan, K.I. Mekler, S.V. Polosatkin, V.V. Postupaev, A.F. Rovenskikh, S.L. Sinitsky
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 43 | Number 1 | January 2003 | Pages 172-176
Transport and Confinement | doi.org/10.13182/FST03-A11963587
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Experiments on plasma heating by a high power electron beam at the GOL-3 facility have shown, that ion temperature with a multiple mirror configuration of the magnetic field is much higher than for plasma heating in a simple solenoid. A new mechanism of fast collective heating of a plasma ions is suggested. The efficiency of the heating depends on local density of the beam electrons. In the corrugated magnetic field this creates a periodical longitudinal variation of plasma pressure during the beam injection. Then the pressure gradients result in plasma motion towards the midplane of each magnetic cell. Numerical simulations and special experiments demonstrate that fast thermalization of the energy of the directed plasma motion occurs. This mechanism requires about one ion-ion collision time that is much faster than usual electron-to-ion energy transfer time.