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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Y. Yasaka, O. Sakai, Y. Ohe
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 39 | Number 1 | January 2001 | Pages 91-96
Topical Review Lectures | doi.org/10.13182/FST01-A11963419
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
It is demonstrated that the transition leading to the improved radial confinement is induced by the end plate biasing in the HIEI tandem mirror, in which the plasma is MHD stabilized, heated, and axially confined by the ICRF waves. On application of the bias voltage, the fluctuation level decreases, the density increases to over 1013 cm−3, and the plasma rotation changes significantly indicating a formation of the internal transport barrier. The observed strong nonlinear phenomena; the hysteresis change of the fluctuation level and the neutral line emission intensity, demonstrate bifurcation feature, which is similar to that in the previous limiter biasing experiment. This bifurcation feature may be explained by the model from the azimuthal momentum balance including the flow shear stabilization of the drift wave instabilities.