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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
Caron Jantzen, E. P. Lee, Per F. Peterson
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 34 | Number 3 | November 1998 | Pages 1047-1052
Inertial Fusion (Poster Session) | doi.org/10.13182/FST98-A11963752
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Gas dynamics in the heavy-ion inertial-fusion-energy power plant, HYLIFE-II, have been modeled using the code TSUNAMI. Simulations were run and results compared using both ideal-gas and the partial-ionization equations of state. Developed by Zeldovich and Raizer, the partial-ionization model approximates the Saha equation for multiply ionized species in a gas mixture. Results from a cylindrically symmetric simulation indicate an initial, low density, burst of high energy particles enters the final-focus transport beam line within 28 microseconds after the blast, much faster than the proposed 1 millisecond shutter closing time. After approximately 300 microseconds the chamber debris flux levels off to one eighth its peak value and maintains this level until the shutter closes. Uncertainty in IFE target design motivated the adjustment of two target parameters: target mass and the ratio of x-ray to debris kinetic energy. Although initial jet x-ray ablation is considered, neither secondary radiation nor condensation were modeled. Therefore results are conservative.