ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Latest Magazine Issues
May 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
June 2026
Nuclear Technology
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
Kazuyuki Takase, Tomoaki Kunugi, Seiichiro Yamazaki, Sadao Fujii
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 34 | Number 3 | November 1998 | Pages 640-644
Safety and Environment (Poster Session) | doi.org/10.13182/FST98-A11963686
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Pressure rise and condensation characteristics during the ingress-of-coolant event (ICE) in fusion reactors were investigated using the preliminary ICE apparatus with a small-scale vacuum vessel (VV), boiler, blowdown tank and isolation valve. High temperature and pressure water was injected from the boiler through piping into the VV which was heated up to 250°C, and pressure and temperature transients in the VV were measured. The pressure increased rapidly with the injection time of water because of the water evaporation. After the VV pressure reached 0.2 MPa, the isolation valve was opened and the VV was connected to the blowdown tank, and then the pressure in the VV decreased suddenly. Two types of blowdown tanks were provided: the first one had a large volume without any cooling systems; and the second one had a small volume and a water jacket to enhance the condensation. From the present experiments, it was found that the most important factors in establishing the pressure rise were flashing evaporation and boiling heat transfer inside the VV. Condensation was very effective in depressurizing the VV.