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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Yoshinori Kawamura, Satoshi Konishi, Masataka Nishi
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 45 | Number 1 | January 2004 | Pages 33-40
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST04-A423
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A blanket tritium recovery system that uses an electrochemical hydrogen pump with a protonic conductor membrane is proposed. One of the advantages of this system is the potential for processing the blanket sweep gas without fractionation of hydrogen isotopes and water vapor. In this work, hydrogen in a water molecule is extracted by a hydrogen pump using a Perovskite-type ceramic such as SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3-. The threshold, which corresponds to the energy of H2O decomposition, for hydrogen extraction from the water molecule is 500 to 600 mV at 873 K. The threshold becomes smaller with increases of the partial pressure of the water vapor. In the case of pumping of the H2-H2O mixture gas, transportation of H2 precedes H2O decomposition below the threshold (H2O decomposition voltage), and the threshold becomes larger. In order to process the blanket sweep gas without fractionation of hydrogen isotope and water vapor, comparatively high applied voltage is required.
