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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
H. Y. Khater, M. E. Sawan
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 34 | Number 3 | November 1998 | Pages 581-585
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) (Poster Session) | doi.org/10.13182/FST98-A11963676
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A detailed three-dimensional model (3-D) has been developed for the divertor cassette in the ITER design. The layered configurations of the dome PFC and vertical targets were modeled accurately with the front tungsten layer modeled separately. 3-D neutronics calculations have been performed to determine the detailed spatial distribution of the neutron flux in the divertor cassette. A detailed activation analysis has been performed for zones representing the different critical components of the divertor cassette. The calculations have been performed for two operational scenarios. Special attention has been given to the top 1 cm tungsten layer of the divertor dome. The radioactivity generated in the tungsten layers of the divertor is mostly dominated by W during the first day after shutdown. The GlidCop copper and 316 SS-LN parts of the divertor also generated considerable levels of activity and decay heat. Nevertheless, the analysis showed that the tungsten Plasma Facing Component (PFC) is clearly the most critical part of the divertor from the decay heat generation point of view.