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Latest News
Securing the advanced reactor fleet
Physical protection accounts for a significant portion of a nuclear power plant’s operational costs. As the U.S. moves toward smaller and safer advanced reactors, similar protection strategies could prove cost prohibitive. For tomorrow’s small modular reactors and microreactors, security costs must remain appropriate to the size of the reactor for economical operation.
Niek Lopes Cardozo
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 33 | Number 2 | March 1998 | Pages 160-164
Transport in Tokamaks | doi.org/10.13182/FST98-A11947006
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
By inducing in a small temperature perturbation in a plasma in a steady state one can determine the conductive and convective components of the heat flux, and the associated thermal diffusivity and convection velocity. The same can be done for the density, and in principle also other plasma parameters. Experiments show that the response of the temperature in most cases is determined by diffusion. It is in principle possible to determine elements of the matrix of transport coefficients. Importantly, off-diagonal elements in the transport matrix appear to be important.
Experimental techniques, analysis techniques, basic formulas etc are briefly reviewed. Experimental results are summarized. The fundamental question whether the fluxes are linear functions of the gradients or not is discussed.
On a fast time scale, plasma responses have sometimes been observed that cannot be explained by a local transport model. This so called ‘non-local’ transport is briefly discussed.