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Fusion Science and Technology
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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
R. W. Callis, J. F. Tooker, J. Lohr, D. Ponce, R. C. O'Neill
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 30 | Number 3 | December 1996 | Pages 825-829
Plasma Fuelingand Heating, Control, and Currentdrive | doi.org/10.13182/FST96-A11963039
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The DIII–D program is presently commissioning the first MW gyrotron of a planned 3 MW, 110 GHz electron cyclotron heating (ECH) system for off-axis electron heating and current drive. Advanced tokamak (AT) research in DIII–D and other tokamaks requires the ability to control the current density profile. ECH offers the ability to localize the heating and driven current in a controllable manner and is not dependent upon, the local plasma conditions, so it appears to be an ideal tool for AT research. The planned rf sources for the DIII-D system are I MW state-of-the-art internal mode-converter gyrotrons, with one gyrotron being manufactured by GYCOM, a Russian company, and two gyrotrons being manufactured by CPI (formerly Varian). The GYCOM gyrotron has been tested at the factory to 960 kW, 2 seconds and has been shipped to GA where it is now undergoing initial checkout and testing. The first CPI gyrotron has been assembled and factory tested to 530 kW, 2 seconds and 350 kW, 10 seconds. Both the Gycom and CPI gyrotrons are limited in pulse length at full power by thermal limits on the output window. The second CPI gyrotron is expected to be ready for testing in April 1996.
This paper will report on the initial experiences of using the GYCOM I MW, 110 GHz internal mode-converter gyrotron, at General Atomics, and the observed effects the ECRH power has on the DIII-D plasma.
