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Fusion Science and Technology
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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
T. Obiki, F. Sano, K. Kondo, H. Zushi, K. Hanatani, T. Mizuuchi, S. Besshou, H. Okada, K. Nagasaki, M. Wakatani, M. Nakasuga, Y. Nakamura, B.J. Peterson, C. Christou, Y. Ijiri, T. Senju, K. Yaguchi, S. Kobayashi, K. Toshi, K. Sakamoto, Y. Kurimoto, F. Funaba, A. Isayama, T. Hamada, Y. Suzuki, K. Kinoshita, H. Sugai, H. Toyota, K. Sasaki, M. Yamage, T. Saito, K. Walanabe, S. Sudo, N. Noda, K. Akaishi, M. Sato, S. Okamura, K. Ida, S. Hidekuma, M. Iima, S. Kado, K. Muraoka, K. Matsuo, H. Matsuura, T.S. Bigelow, M. Murakami, J.F. Lyon
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 27 | Number 3 | April 1995 | Pages 85-90
Overview Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST95-A11947050
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Recent results of Heliotron E experiment are reviewed. Detailed studies of the plasma transport have been achieved in Heliotron E, in which the plasma wall interaction has been changed using the ECH boronization technique. The boronization realized low-density, high-Ti plasmas whose ion collisionality deeply extended to the I/v-regime. The local electron and ion thermal diffusivities in the NBI plasma are analyzed and discussed by comparison with theory-based transport models. The particle transport in ECH plasmas is investigated with edge fluctuation measurements. Both electrostatic and magnetic fluctuations are well correlated with the global particle confinement. Characteristic structures of the electric field or potential distribution are observed during the particle confinement degradation phase. It is considered that dc convective flow across the last closed flux surface is caused by the potential structure. Edge plasma flows have been discussed in connection with these studies and with asymmetric divertor heat/particle load.