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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Sung-Ryul Huh, Nam-Kyun Kim, Yun-Chang Jang, Jae-Min Song, Gon-Ho Kim
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 68 | Number 1 | July 2015 | Pages 105-112
Technical Paper | Open Magnetic Systems 2014 | doi.org/10.13182/FST14-892
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The characteristics of a two–radio-frequency (RF)–driven dual antenna inductively coupled hydrogen plasma is investigated for the development of a high efficient RF negative hydrogen ion source driver. The two-RF-driven dual antenna system consists of a 2 MHz–driven solenoidal antenna wound around a cylindrical chamber and a 13.56 MHz–driven planar antenna placed on top of it. Compared to the conventional single frequency antenna inductively coupled plasmas, the two-RF-driven dual antenna inductively coupled plasma reveals two distinctive features, i.e., an increase in the power transfer efficiency and the bi-Maxwellization of the electron energy distribution function due to the collisionless heating. These characteristics allow the two-RF-driven dual antenna inductively coupled plasma to accomplish enhanced generation of negative ions and their precursors with a high RF efficiency.
