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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Zap Energy hits 37-million-degree electron temperatures in compact fusion device
Zap Energy announced April 23 that it has reached 1-3 keV plasma electron temperatures—roughly the equivalent of 11 to 37 million degrees Celsius—using its sheared-flow-stabilized Z-pinch approach to fusion. Reaching temperatures above that of the sun’s core (which is 10 million degrees Celsius temperature) is just one hurdle required before any fusion confinement concept can realistically pursue net gain and fusion energy.
C. Rotti, N. Panda, H. Patel, N. Kanoongo, A. Chakraborty, K. Balasubramanian
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 65 | Number 2 | March-April 2014 | Pages 205-211
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST13-669
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In high heat flux components of neutral beam injector (NBI) systems, CuCrZr alloy is used as a heat sink material. In different national standards, chromium content varies from 0.4 to 1.5 wt%, and zirconium content varies from 0.03 to 0.25 wt%. Indian CuCrZr material was produced at the Non-Ferrous Materials Technology Development Centre and used for the NBI system of the Indian tokomak SST-1, which complied with these chemical composition ranges. The properties of the Indian CuCrZr material were in accordance with procurement specifications. CuCrZr ITER-grade (IG) specifications are as defined in “ITER Materials Properties Handbook” (MPH). The MPH recommends a narrower range of Cr and Zr contents. The reason for limiting the Cr content is that a high Cr content may result in the formation of coarse Cr precipitates, which affect the radiation resistance. Indian CuCrZr with ITER specifications has been produced in a large number (38) of heats and characterized for compositional, tensile, grain size, and weld properties. The properties are, in general, found to comply with those of ITER specifications. The material-processing and component-making steps have been determined, and prototypes of heat transfer elements have been made. Residual ion dump plates have been successfully deep drilled, and component welding trials are in progress. This paper discusses experiences in producing CuCrZr IG and making the elements.