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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
Ronald W. Petzoldt, Ralph W. Moir
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 30 | Number 1 | September 1996 | Pages 73-82
Technical Paper | ICF Target | doi.org/10.13182/FST96-A30764
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The use of thin membranes to suspend an inertial fusion energy fuel capsule in a holder or hohlraum for injection into a reaction chamber is investigated. Also discussed is the stress that occurs in the fuel within a capsule during acceleration. To determine the maximum target acceleration, capsule displacement and membrane deformation angle are calculated for an axisymmetric geometry for a range of membrane strain and capsule size. Membranes must be thin (perhaps < 1 µm) to minimize their effect on capsule implosion symmetry. Typical target injection scenarios prefer accelerations in excess of 1000 m/s2. Acceleration in excess of 1600 m/s2 for a 2.4-mm-radius 30-mg capsule is possible with two 0.1-µm-thick membranes. Added stress from vibrations could cause a factor of 2 decrease in the allowed acceleration unless the acceleration profile is modified to mitigate this effect. However, if the acceleration is gradually increased and then decreased, over a few membrane oscillation periods (i.e., a few milliseconds), the membrane stress due to oscillation overshoot and the final capsule oscillation amplitude is minimal. Compared with a single membrane, a dual membrane geometry allows several times greater acceleration with reduced capsule displacement.