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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
M. Z. Youssef, A. Kumar, M. A. Abdou, Y. Watanabe, M. Nakagawa, K. Kosako, T. Mori, Y. Oyama, C. Konno, Y. Ikeda, H. Maekawa, T. Nakamura
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 28 | Number 2 | September 1995 | Pages 243-272
Technical Paper | Fusion Neutronics Integral Experiments — Part II / Blanket Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST95-A30645
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The integral experiments and postanalyses performed in Phase IIC of the U.S. Department of Energy (U.S. DOE)/Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) collaborative program on fusion neutronics focused on test blankets that include the actual heterogeneities found in several blanket designs. In one arrangement, multi-layers of Li2O and beryllium were placed in an edge-on, horizontally alternating configuration, and in the second arrangement, vertical water coolant channels were deployed. The main objective has been to examine the accuracy of predicting key parameters such as tritium production rate (TPR), in-system spectrum, and other reaction rates around these heterogeneities and to experimentally verify the enhancement in TPR by beryllium in the first experiment. The prediction accuracy was examined in terms of calculated-to-experimental values (c/e)i of the neutronics parameters at several spatial locations. Average local (c/e)i values were statistically calculated for TPR from Li-6 (T6) and from Li-7 (T7) in addition to quantifying the prediction uncertainties in the line-integrated TPR. A relationship was developed between the prediction uncertainty in the integrated TPR and the corresponding values in the total breeding zone. This relationship enabled us to identify which subzone contributes the most to the prediction uncertainty in the overall integrated TPR.