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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
†‡A N Perevezentsev, †C Bell, †R Lässer, ‡L A Rivkis
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 28 | Number 3 | October 1995 | Pages 1404-1409
Tritium Storage, Distribution, and Transportation | Proceedings of the Fifth Topical Meeting on Tritium Technology In Fission, Fusion, and Isotopic Applications Belgirate, Italy May 28-June 3, 1995 | doi.org/10.13182/FST95-A30608
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Air or nitrogen ingress accident scenarios into JET tritium storage containers, filled with uranium or intermetallic compound (IMC) hydrides, are discussed based on the experimentally determined kinetics of the reaction of these hydrides with air, O2 and N2. Reaction of uranium with air can occur at room temperature. For the initiation of the reactions of uranium with N2 or of some intermetallic compounds with air, elevated temperatures are required. Temperature rises of the metal hydrides due to air ingress are estimated for various cases. Modern tritium storage containers are protected against air ingress by intermediate and secondary containments which can be either evacuated or filled with inert gas. Therefore, air ingress can only occur due to double failure: failure of secondary containment and process containment at the same time. At JET, the secondary containments are filled with N2. However, even for N2, temperature increases are expected during the ingress into uranium beds (U-beds) for particular scenarios. It is shown that the JET design would not fail in this event. The calculation also shows that the smallest temperature rises during air, O2 or N2 ingress are expected for a getter bed design with free space above the metal getter layer for the gas to flow from inlet to outlet tube, because the reaction with the metal powder is limited by the diffusion rate of the gas through the powder. Estimates with ZrCo as getter are also made.