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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
J Lupo, J L Hemmerich, R Lässer, J Yorkshades, J L Salanave
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 28 | Number 3 | October 1995 | Pages 1347-1352
Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Tritium System | Proceedings of the Fifth Topical Meeting on Tritium Technology In Fission, Fusion, and Isotopic Applications Belgirate, Italy May 28-June 3, 1995 | doi.org/10.13182/FST95-A30599
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Impurity Processing (IP) system is designed to recover tritium from tritiated compounds (Q2O, CxQy, NQ3, with Q = H, D, T and x>=1, y>=4) collected from the JET torus or generated during the processing of gases inside the Active Gas Handling System (AGHS). The recovery process involves dilution of the impurities in helium, addition of oxygen, recirculation of the helium-impurities-oxygen mixture over a hot recombiner (773K) to generate water and CO2, and trapping of the water on 160K cold surfaces. The remaining gas species He, CO2, O2, N2 (with a very small tritium concentration) are transferred finally to the Exhaust Detritiation (ED) system for further reduction of the tritium concentration by at least a factor of 1000. The cold trap is heated (473K) and the water vapour passed over two hot iron beds at 823K to “crack” the water. The recovered hydrogen isotopes are stored in cold uranium beds (U-beds) for further processing in AGHS.