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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Kaname Kizu, Keiji Miyazaki, Tetsuo Tanabe
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 28 | Number 3 | October 1995 | Pages 1205-1210
Tritium Properties and Interaction with Material | Proceedings of the Fifth Topical Meeting on Tritium Technology In Fission, Fusion, and Isotopic Applications Belgirate, Italy May 28-June 3, 1995 | doi.org/10.13182/FST95-A30573
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A precise hydrogen permeation experiment for beryllium was conducted at a temperature ranging from 735 to 1000 K under hydrogen gas pressure of 101 to 103 Pa. Diffusion coefficient and permeation coefficient were determined from the steady state penneation and time transient penneation independently. The steady state penneation rate was proportional to the square root of H2 pressure and the time sequence of penneation rate agreed well with theoretical one, indicating that the penneation controlled by bulk diffusion. The temperature dependencies of the penneation coefficients (Φ) and diffusion coefficients (D) were respectively,Φ=(1.0±0.1)×10−6exp[−73±20(kJ/mol)/RT] (mol·m−1·s−1·Pa1/2),D=(1.3±0.1)×10−7exp[59±20(kJ/mol)/RT] (m2·s−1).Solubility calculated from the relation Φ=DS wasS=7.1 exp[−14(kJ/mol)/RT] (mol·m−3·Pa−1/2).