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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
G. T. McConville, C. M. Woods
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 28 | Number 3 | October 1995 | Pages 905-909
Tritium Safety | Proceedings of the Fifth Topical Meeting on Tritium Technology in Fission, Fusion, and Isotopic Applications Belgirate, Italy May 28-June 3, 1995 | doi.org/10.13182/FST95-A30520
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Tritium in the form of metal tritide particles presents a peculiar problem for the calculation of internal dose. Standard calculations indicate that just a few 3 to 5 micron sized particles appears to lead to a very large dose. There are very few data on which calculations can be based. It will be shown that the biological effectiveness for β radiation that actually escapes from the metal particles is greatly reduced. Rather than having the standard value of one, the effective value is of the order of 10−4. Additional calculations show the bremsstrahlung radiation forms a part of the dose from tritided particles about equal to the mitigated part from ion production.