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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
K.M. Kalyanam, C. Fong, M. Moledina, A. Natalizio
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 28 | Number 3 | October 1995 | Pages 888-892
Tritium Safety | Proceedings of the Fifth Topical Meeting on Tritium Technology in Fission, Fusion, and Isotopic Applications Belgirate, Italy May 28-June 3, 1995 | doi.org/10.13182/FST95-A30517
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An analysis of the heat transport and water detritiation systems of ITER has been performed in order to determine major pathways for tritium loss and estimate releases during normal operation (operational tritium release). Heavy water escape and tritium release estimates compiled on the basis of operating experiences of typical CANDU PWR and the Darlington Tritium Removal Facility (DTRF) have been appropriately scaled on the basis of water and tritium inventories and tritium concentrations to fit ITER design and operating conditions. The paper estimates the chronic and acute tritium releases to the environment in elemental and oxide forms, via waterborne and airborne pathways of the ITER water systems. The results of the analysis will be used to demonstrate that the ITER design will meet the dose limits for occupational and accidental tritium releases.