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DOE announces NEPA exclusion for advanced reactors
The Department of Energy has announced that it is establishing a categorical exclusion for the application of National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) procedures to the authorization, siting, construction, operation, reauthorization, and decommissioning of advanced nuclear reactors.
According to the DOE, this significant change, which goes into effect today, “is based on the experience of DOE and other federal agencies, current technologies, regulatory requirements, and accepted industry practice.”
Marc A. Firestone, Jonathan W. Morrow-Jones, Tak Kuen Mau
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 32 | Number 3 | November 1997 | Pages 390-403
Technical Paper | Plasma Control Issues for Tokamaks | doi.org/10.13182/FST97-A3
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Results for the first simulated comprehensive feedback control study for a tokamak operating in the fusion regime are presented. A standard Burning Plasma Experiment (BPX) design is the simulated reactor, but the results apply to any tokamak. Feedback gains are derived for specific classes of dynamic models and control objectives using model-based optimal control. An integrated control approach treats both kinetic and electromagnetic parameters and radial profiles. The control actuators include poloidal field coils, fast-wave and lower-hybrid current drive and heating sources, and pellet fuel injectors. Results show that the strongly coupled plasma parameters provide unintended secondary responses to controller inputs. In particular, attempts to modify the q-profile greatly affect the temperature and density profiles when the transport model incorporates International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) scaling. The hot, highly conductive plasma and poor source penetration in the nominal BPX discharge make the central q-values difficult to regulate. Fusion events also complicate the control efforts. Further, simple plasma circuit models are inadequate to account for a significantly evolving current profile. Proper understanding and use of integrated, model-based feedback control will avoid these pitfalls.