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Deep geologic repository progress—2025 Update
Editor's note: This article has was originally published in November 2023. It has been updated with new information as of June 2025.
Outside my office, there is a display case filled with rock samples from all over the world. It contains a disk of translucent, orange salt from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad, N.M.; a core of white-and-bronze gneiss from the site of the future deep geologic repository in Eurajoki, Finland; several angular chunks of fine-grained, gray claystone from the underground research laboratory at Bure, France; and a piece of coarse-grained granite from the underground research tunnel in Daejeon, South Korea.
K. Yoshikawa, T. Noma, Y. Yamamoto
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 19 | Number 3 | May 1991 | Pages 870-875
Advanced Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/FST91-A29454
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
New methods of direct-energy conversion from energetic ions through the interaction between ions and electromagentic fields (i.e., Peniotron-type and Gyrotron-type converters,) were proposed, and the performance characteristics of the former are presented in this study. Numerical analyses have shown that the Peniotron-type converter has excellent performance characteristics in energy recovery from the energetic ion energy associated with the velocity component perpendicular to the axially applied magnetic fields in the converter, where ions make helical motions. The energy recovery efficiency is found to be dependent upon the energy spread, the incident angle, and to the deviation of the gyration center from the converter axis at its inlet. Control of the gyration center, in particular, is found to be most important. The analyses have shown that the new methods are essentially feasible in recovering energy from 14.7-MeV protons in a D-3He advanced fusion reactor with high efficiency.