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Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Deep geologic repository progress—2025 Update
Editor's note: This article has was originally published in November 2023. It has been updated with new information as of June 2025.
Outside my office, there is a display case filled with rock samples from all over the world. It contains a disk of translucent, orange salt from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad, N.M.; a core of white-and-bronze gneiss from the site of the future deep geologic repository in Eurajoki, Finland; several angular chunks of fine-grained, gray claystone from the underground research laboratory at Bure, France; and a piece of coarse-grained granite from the underground research tunnel in Daejeon, South Korea.
W. M. Stacey, Jr., John Mandrekas
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 19 | Number 3 | May 1991 | Pages 503-514
Technical Paper | Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST91-A29391
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An extended theory is presented for the calculation of neutral-beam-driven currents in tokamaks, including for the first time the effects of radial transfer of toroidal momentum, background ion rotation, and fast beam ion pressure gradients. The new theory contains the beam current, electron return current with trapping effects, and the bootstrap current contributions of previous theories, but it is extended to be consistent with particle and momentum balance and ambipolarity in a rotating plasma with the radial transfer of toroidal momentum and a significant fast beam ion population. These new effects can produce order unity changes in the beam-driven and bootstrap currents in a Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) model problem.