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Deep geologic repository progress—2025 Update
Editor's note: This article has was originally published in November 2023. It has been updated with new information as of June 2025.
Outside my office, there is a display case filled with rock samples from all over the world. It contains a disk of translucent, orange salt from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad, N.M.; a core of white-and-bronze gneiss from the site of the future deep geologic repository in Eurajoki, Finland; several angular chunks of fine-grained, gray claystone from the underground research laboratory at Bure, France; and a piece of coarse-grained granite from the underground research tunnel in Daejeon, South Korea.
Kenji Morita
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 19 | Number 4 | July 1991 | Pages 2083-2091
Technical Paper | Carbon Material Special | doi.org/10.13182/FST91-A29343
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The sputtering of metal atoms and the retention and release of hydrogen isotopes in metal-carbon composite layer materials are discussed. The criteria for suppression of metal sputtering are derived on the basis of the concentration of carbon atoms segregated at the surface, which is calculated taking into account segregation and dissolution at the surface and at the interface as well as diffusion. Data on the ion flux dependence of the sputtering yield of metal from different metal-carbon systems are presented, and the critical flux and thickness required for suppression of metal sputtering are discussed. Furthermore, data on retention and release of implanted hydrogen isotopes are presented and compared with those for graphite.