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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Gilles Bourque, Bernard Terreault, Brian C. Gregory, Guenther W. Pacher, Horst D. Pacher, Barry L. Stansfield, Dennis Whyte, W. Zuzak
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 17 | Number 4 | July 1990 | Pages 588-596
Technical Paper | Experimental Device | doi.org/10.13182/FST90-A29195
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Plasma contamination due to the generation of impurity molecules has been studied by mass spectrometry and by visible emission spectroscopy in the Tokamak de Varennes. The dominant effects are carbon monoxide formation, which is correlated with the residual water vapor pressure in the vacuum chamber, and the formation of C1, C2, and C3 hydrocarbons. The measured molecular fluxes are sufficient to account for a large part of the plasma impurity content. Visible spectroscopy indicates that the plasma is significantly affected by these chemical impurity sources. The molecules appear to originate mainly from the stainless steel walls rather than from the graphite limiters.