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Fusion Science and Technology
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Smarter waste strategies: Helping deliver on the promise of advanced nuclear
At COP28, held in Dubai in 2023, a clear consensus emerged: Nuclear energy must be a cornerstone of the global clean energy transition. With electricity demand projected to soar as we decarbonize not just power but also industry, transport, and heat, the case for new nuclear is compelling. More than 20 countries committed to tripling global nuclear capacity by 2050. In the United States alone, the Department of Energy forecasts that the country’s current nuclear capacity could more than triple, adding 200 GW of new nuclear to the existing 95 GW by mid-century.
S. K. Ho, Max E. Fenstermacher
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 16 | Number 2 | September 1989 | Pages 185-196
Technical Paper | Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST89-A29147
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
It is desirable for the plasma operating points of future Engineering Test Reactor (ETR) tokamaks to be in parameter regimes that are inherently stable to thermal fluctuations; in other words, thermal equilibrium is maintained by properties of the power balance terms themselves without an active burn control system. Methodologies are presented for calculating thermally stable operating points and scenarios to achieve these conditions. Results are given for an ETR tokamak with major radius R0 = 5.8 m in both the ignition and current-drive modes. Though the results are sensitive to the form of the energy confinement scaling law used, for enhancements over L-mode confinement by factors of 1.5 to 2.0, stable operating regions in (n, T) space have been identified for ignited operation with T ≥ 20 keV and for current-drive steady-state operation with T ≈ 25 keV. Burn dynamics simulations and discussion of critical issues are also presented. The analyses are general and should be applicable to a wide variety of deuterium-tritium burning tokamaks.