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2025: The year in nuclear
As Nuclear News has done since 2022, we have compiled a review of the nuclear news that filled headlines and sparked conversations in the year just completed. Departing from the chronological format of years past, we open with the most impactful news of 2025: a survey of actions and orders of the Trump administration that are reshaping nuclear research, development, deployment, and commercialization. We then highlight some of the top news in nuclear restarts, new reactor testing programs, the fuel supply chain and broader fuel cycle, and more.
David L. Galbraith, Terry Kammash
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 16 | Number 1 | August 1989 | Pages 65-72
Technical Paper | Plasma Engineering | doi.org/10.13182/FST89-A29097
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Classical diffusion across magnetic fields driven by density gradients in hot plasmas is a problem that has been considered by many authors because of its application to many areas in plasma physics. In most cases, however, only particle diffusion in one-temperature plasmas has been considered. Even when the interacting species are allowed to have unequal temperatures, the energy diffusion resulting from the density gradients is not calculated. There are disagreements among existing results, even in the case of single-temperature particle diffusion. Expressions for classical particle and energy diffusion across magnetic fields for multitemperature plasmas are derived from basic principles. The results are then compared with those most often quoted in the literature.